竖井排水的规划布置

合理的井深和井型结构

为了使水井起到灌溉、除涝、防渍、改碱、防止土壤次生盐碱化和淡化地下水的作用，每个水井必须有较大的出水量。为了增加降雨和灌水的入渗量，提高压盐的效率，并在表层形成一定的地下水库，在保证水井能自含水层中抽出较多水量的同时，还应使潜水位有较大的降深。为此，在水井规划设计中必须根据各地不同的水文地质条件，选取合理的井深和井型结构。

1) 在浅层有较好的砂层或虽无良好的砂层，但土壤透水性较好(例如裂隙粘土等)的情况下可以打浅机井或真空井，井管自上而下全部采用滤水管，在这种情况下，一般可以保证有一定的出水量和潜水位降深。

2) 砂层埋深在地表以下一定深度，但砂层VA t-_无明显的隔水层时，为了使单井保持一定的出水量，水井可打至含水砂层，抽水时虽然出水量的一部分来自下部砂层，但由于上部土层无明显的隔水作用，大面积抽水时潜水位也可随之下降，因此，可以保证形成一定的潜水位降深和浅层地下库容，有利于承受上部来水、促进土壤脱盐和地下水的淡化。

3) 上部土层透水性较差，且在相当深度内又无良好砂层时，为了保证水井有较大的出水量和地下水位有较大的降深，必须选取适当的井型结构，如大口井、大骨料井、辐射井、梅花井(群井点)和卧管井等。

水井的规划布置

担负排水任务的水井，其规划布局应视地区自然特点、水利条件和水井的任务而定。在有地面水灌溉水源并实行井渠结合的地区，井灌井排的任务是保证灌溉用水，控制地下水位，除涝防渍、并防止土壤次生盐碱化。在这种情况下，井的间距一方面决定于单井出水量所能控制的灌溉面积，另一方面也决定于单井控制地下水位的要求。在利用竖井单纯排水地区，井的间距则主要决定于控制地下水位的要求。

竖井在平面上一般多按等边三角形或正方形布置。由单井的有效控制面积可求得单井有效控制半径R和井距L。井渠应结合灌溉渠系进行布置。

摘要：在全国耕地减少、建设用地日趋紧张的背景下，滩涂是非常可贵的战略资源。处于淤涨中的淤泥海岸滩涂，在一定条件下是可再生资源。现在盘锦市大洼县有一块沿海的滩涂，对其进行改造，将长久以来遭受海水侵蚀的此块滩涂改成水田，进行水稻种植。

Abstract: the decrease in arable land, construction land increasingly tense background, beach is a strategic resource is very valuable. In the silt coast mudflat evolution of, under certain conditions is a renewable resource. Now the Dawa County of Panjin city is a coastal, its transformation, will for a long time suffer from this piece of beach erosion into paddy field, rice planting.

首先修筑拦潮坝将海水拦截，但由于滩涂西面有海水养殖场，因此还要修建纳潮沟。其次在滩涂北部修建提水泵站，从混江沟西排总取水，用于对滩涂地块淡水洗盐和灌溉供水。进行泵站设计需要选泵、并对泵房的形式和结构进行设计。最后规划灌溉排水渠系，使该滩涂改成水田后，旱可灌水，涝可排水，尽量是水稻在良好的环境下生长。规划灌排渠系需要设计渠系总体布置，然后根据选定的灌水模数计算各级渠道的设计流量，再设计各级渠道的横、纵断面；设计排水沟系，设计够系的总体布置，计算各级沟道的排涝流量、排渍流量，设计沟道的横、纵断面。

The first building tidal barrage in seawater to intercept, but because the beach west sea farms, so should the construction of tidal channel. Secondly, in the tidal flats built north of pumping stations, from mixed Jiang Gouxi row total water for water supply to the beach land, salt and fresh water irrigation. The pump station design need to pump, and form and structure of the pumping station design. Finally, the planning of irrigation drainage systems, the beach into the paddy field, dry water, flood discharge, as is the rice growth in good condition. Planning and drainage canal system needs to design the canal system overall layout, design and calculation of flow channels at all levels according to the selected irrigation modulus, transverse, longitudinal section design of various channels; design of drainage ditch system, general layout design enough lines, drainage discharge, drainage flow calculation at all levels of the channel, the vertical section design, cross ditch tao.

关键词：滩涂改造；泵站设计；灌排渠系设计

Keywords: tidal pumping station transformation; design; irrigation canal design

Abstract: the decrease in arable land, construction land increasingly tense background, beach is a strategic resource is very valuable. In the silt coast mudflat evolution of, under certain conditions is a renewable resource. Now the Dawa County of Panjin city is a coastal, its transformation, will for a long time suffer from this piece of beach erosion into paddy field, rice planting. The first building tidal barrage in seawater to intercept, but because the beach west sea farms, so should the construction of tidal channel. Secondly, in the tidal flats built north of pumping stations, from mixed Jiang Gouxi row total water for water supply to the beach land, salt and fresh water irrigation. The pump station design need to pump, and form and structure of the pumping station design. Finally, the planning of irrigation drainage systems, the beach into the paddy field, dry water, flood discharge, as is the rice growth in good condition. Planning and drainage canal system needs to design the canal system overall layout, design and calculation of flow channels at all levels according to the selected irrigation modulus, transverse, longitudinal section design of various channels; design of drainage ditch system, general layout design enough lines, drainage discharge, drainage flow calculation at all levels of the channel, the vertical section design, cross ditch tao. Keywords: tidal pumping station transformation; design; irrigation canal design